Sunday, December 21, 2008

Web Links: Basic Lab Technology

Chapter 1. Basic Lab Technology

Alternate method for purifying DNA from agarose gels

Isolation of RNA from mammalian cells using RNAZOL (Teltest)

Preparation of sequencing gels

Preparing proteins/antibodies/DNA/RNA for microinjection

RT-PCR Protocol

Safety Procedures
Preparation of Solutions
Disposal of Buffers and Chemicals
Equipment

Southern blotting

Transfection of mammalian cells using Lipofectamine (LTI)

Transformation of E. coli by electroporation

Wizard PCR preps DNA purification system

Working with DNA
Sterile Technique

Web Links: Microscope Technology

Chapter 2. Microscope Technology

3D-rendering

Additional Applications of Confocal Microscopy

Background/Colophone

Comparison of Electron Micrographs

Confocal microscope technique

Confocal Microscopy (Information about the history, confocal theory, principles and optics as well as a selection of general links)

Conventional VS Laser scanning Microscopy Techniques

Creatingand enhancing professional graphics using Adobe PhotoshopCS3

Dark field illumination, Larry Legg

Digital Image Ethics (A short history of some of the issues that journalists have struggled with and ten suggested guidelines for working with digital images)

Digital Microscope Camera Technology
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy
Light Microscope Techniques
Materials, Forensics, Geological Microscopy
Electron and Light Microscopy Web Resources

Educational Resources (On-line resources for K-12 teachers & students)

Electron Microscope Techniques
Historical and Antique Microscopes
Scanning Probe and Atomic Force
Energy Dispersive Microanalysis EDX

Electron microscopy

Electron Microscopy (Information about history, principles, sample preparation techniques and www resources for TEM & SEM)

Electron microscopy

Facilities

Fluorescence Techniques (Links with information about fluorescent dyes, antibodies and resources for sample preparation)

Free Publications (Seven publications for professionals that cover microscopy & imaging from a variety of perspectives)

Hardware (Information about digital cameras, scanners and printers)

Histology (Links to sample preparation protocols and staining techniques, immuno/histo/cyto-chemistry, collections of images of tissues prepared for histology and safety)

Image capture
Image analysis

Image Galleries (Links to collections of beautiful images that use a number of microscopic imaging techniques0

Introduction

Introduction (A look at the basics of what makes up a digital image, color and file formats, as well as a few links on human vision)

Laser microscopy

Laser microscopy: stereo-viewer

Light & Microscopes Larry Legg's funky introduction

Light Microscopy (Links to excellent resources that introduce concepts of light & optics, as well as how light microscopes work)

Light microscopy

McCrone Research Institute Teaching light microscopy, pollen and spore identification

Measurement of Cell Organelles

Measurements: Ocular and Stage Micrometers

Measuring Area

Measuring Depth

Measuring Volume

Microscopy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Microscopy Resources (General information about professional societies, vendors, web resources and email discussion groups)

Microscopy-UK general resource, training, and supplies

Phase Contrast illumination and other methods, Larry Legg

Polarized light illumination - Do-it-yourself, cheap

Polarized Light illumination, David Walker

Preparation in TEM

Sample Preparation of Confocal Microscopy

Software (Links to resources for several commercial and freeware image editing programs)

Stereo vision

The Bright Field Microscope

The Inverted Phase Microscope

The Phase Contrast Microscope

The Transmission Electron Microscope

Use of Darkfield Illumination

Use of Oil Immersion (100x)

Video microscopy (Microscopy & Imaging Resources on the WWW)

Web Links: Histochemistry Protocols

Chapter 3. Histochemistry Protocols

Alkaline Phosphatase Localization

Autoradiography

Basophilia

Cell fixation - room temperature paraformaldehyde (good for paraspeckles/speckles for 5 min; most other things for 10 min)
Cell fixation - methanol

Conjugating antibodies to fluorescent probes

Histology Protocol

Immunoflourescence of MEFs
Mouse Necropsy
Necropsy form
Paraffin embedding and Sectioning
Staining Protocols
H & E staining
BrdU Staining Histological Sections
X-gal Staining
HRP-DAB Immunostaining
AP-BCIP/NBT Immunostaining
GFP & BrdU In Situ Immunoflourescence
Fixation, permeabilization and immunostaining of cells
(contains images and movies)
Cell fixation - warm paraformaldehyde (preserves microtubules)

Immunofluorescent Localization of Tubulin

Methyl Green-Pyronin Staining of DNA and RNA

Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) Reaction

Selective Staining: Prepared Slides

The Feulgen Procedure for DNA

Web Links: Protein

Chapter 4. Protein

Affinity column preparation and Immunoprecipitation

Affinity purification of Antibodies

B-PER Bacterial Protein extraction reagent (Pierce)

Bradford quantification of protein concentration

Crosslinking Protocol

Crosslinking the antibody to the beads protocol | Abcam

Factor Xa Cleavage of GST fusions

GST-fusion protein injection into rabbits

GST-protein fusion expression, purification and other uses

His-fusion protein purification (Novagen/Qiagen)

Histone Kinase Assay
Western blot
p27 ELISA

Immunoblot Anaylsis

Immunoprecipitation

Protein Interactions Captured by Chemical Cross-linking: One-Step Cross Linking.

Protein precipitations

Protein preparation (from plants tissue)

Protein staining

Protocol: Cross-linking of IgG to Protein A or G Beads: NEB

Radio-labeling of protoplasts

SDS/Native PAGE

Silver staining

Stripping blots to reprobe with different antibodies

UV Crosslinking Protocol

Western blots

Web Links: Cell Fractionation

Chapter 5. Cell Fractionation

Cell Fractionation Protocol.
Chromatin isolation
Spliceosome purification

Cell Fractionation Protocol.
Covalently conjugate antibodies to beads for affinity purification
Nucleolar isolation
(contains images and movies)
Cajal body isolation
(contains images and movies)
Lysing cells for release of both cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins

Equilibrium Density Gradient - Percoll

Low Speed Separaton of Cells

Preparation of nuclear extract from plated cells

Sedimentation Densities

Separation of Cells by Velocity Sedimentation

Sucrose Fractionation of Castor Bean

Web Links: Enzymology

Chapter.6. Enzymology

Addition of enzyme inhibitors

Advanced analysis of enzyme parameters

Computer simulation

Determination of Km and Vmax

Effects of ph

Effects of temperature

Enzyme Assay22-28

Enzyme Assay36-42

Enzyme Assay43-47

Enzyme concentration

Extraction of tyrosinase

Fucosyltransferase assay

Introduction

Kinetic analysis

Phosphatase assay

Preparation of standard curve

Protein concentration/enzyme activity

Web Links: RNA

Chapter.7. RNA

Amino-allyl labeling
BioAnalyzer
TRIzol plus RNEasy Mini
RNEasy Midi
TRIzol product insert
RNA amplification
RNA gel electrophoresis

C. elegans RNA prep: Michael Koelle

In vitro transcription reaction

Isolation of poly-A RNA

LiCl RNA Preparation: MGH

Northern blots

Northern Blots: Michael Koelle

Nucleotide composition of RNA

Orcinol determination of RNA

Phenol extraction of rRNA (rat liver)

RNA and protein extraction from the same sample

RNA prepararion (from plants tissue)

RNA Preparation: MGH

Spectrophotometric analysis of RNA

Sucrose density fractionation

Worm RNA Preparation: MGH

Web Links: DNA

Chapter.8. DNA

ABC Random Amplification
Alcohol Precipitation of DNA
AML sample DNA preparation

Agarose gel electrophoresis

Agarose gel electrophoresis

Boomerang DNA Amplification Single primer DNA amplification

cDNA amplification from l-phage library

cDNA library screening

Characterization of DNA

DIG DNA labelling and hybrid detection (Boehringer Mannheim)

Direct Automated Sequencing off Bacterial Genomic DNABruce Rhoe

DNA extraction from agarose (Qiagen)

DNA - dische diphenylamine determination

DNA Fragment Isolation from LM agarose

DNA Ligation

DNA detection
DAPI chromosome identification

DNA preparation by cryostom tissue dissection
DNA labeling by nick translation

Ethanol precipitation of DNA

Extraction of DNA from bovine spleen

Fluorometry
FISH

Genomic DNA preparation (plants)
Hybridization

Large Scale Plasmid Preparation: MGH

Modifications of DNA ends

PCR amplification of DNA

PCR product purification (Qiagen)

Perfectly Blunt Cloning of DNA (Novagen)

Phenol/chloroform extraction of DNA

Plasmid midi-prep from bacteria

Preparation of genomic DNA from bacteria

Purification of DNA

Q-PCR

Random Primed labeling of DNA (Prime-It II -Stratagene)

Restriction enzyme digestion of DNA
Southern Hybridization
Stark's Prehybridization Buffer

Sequencing using Sequenase

Southern blot

Tail DNA prep

Wizard Plus Mini-preps (109. Plasmid Mini-prep)

Worm Genomic DNA: MGH

Worm genomic Southern blots: Michael Koelle

In vivo transcription

BrUTP labeling of RNA transcripts

Web Links: PCR

Chapter.9. PCR

About PCR

AFLP PCR

Alu-PCR

Asymmetric PCR

Colony PCR Protocols

Competitive and/or Quantitative RT-PCR

Degenerate PCR

Differential Display PCR

Genotyping by PCR

History of Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)--(1)

History of Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)--(2)

Important Publications at Cell

Important Publications at Nature

Important Publications at Science

In Situ PCR

Introduction to PCR

Inverse PCR

Ligation Mediated Suppression PCR

Long PCR Protocol: Church Lab

Long PCR Protocols

Methylation Specific PCR

Multiplex PCR

Nested PCR

PCR Animations

PCR aplications

PCR Brochure and Articles

PCR Elisa

PCR Manual

PCR Primer Design Tools

PCR RFLP

PCR SSCP

PCR Troubleshooting

PCR, RT-PCR, and Real Time PCR Tutorials

Polymerase Chain Reaction (Molecular Info)

Polymerase chain reaction--PCR

RACE PCR

RAPD PCR

REAL TIME PCR Papers

Real Time PCR Protocols

Regular PCR Procedure

REP-PCR

RT PCR Protocols

Special PCR Protocols

Tail PCR

Tc1 Deletion PCR Tips: MGH

Touchdown PCR

Variants of PCR (1)

Variants of PCR (2)

Variants of PCR (3)

Variants of PCR (4)

Variants of PCR (5)

Vectorette PCR

Videos and Animations for PCR

Web Source of PCR (1)

Web Source of PCR (2)

Web Source of PCR (3)

Web Source of PCR (3)


PCR Web Source (from Google directory)

A Rapid DNA Minipreparation Method Suitable for AFLP and Other PCR Applications - http://pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/ispmb/ispmb17/17053-1.pdf
Preparation of DNA from plant tissues suitable for PCR methods including AFLP, article by DH CHEN and PC RONALD Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis.

Adjuvants in PCR Reactions - http://info.med.yale.edu/genetics/ward/tavi/p16.html
Brief discussion of additives to improve amplification efficiency and specificity of PCR, by Octavian Henegariu, Yale-New Haven Medical Center.

Amberg Laboratory Protocols: - http://www.upstate.edu/biochem/amberg/protocols.php
Laboratory protocols for PCR work used by the group of David Amberg at the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York.


Anchor Probes for Comparative Mapping of Grass Species - http://greengenes.cit.cornell.edu/anchors/
Article in which probes from different libraries were used to hybridize seven cereals at the Department of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Cornell University, NY.

Attotron Biosensor Corporation - http://www.attotron.com
Research and development company for development of biosensors and related products for the research and educational markets.

BioRad, Amplification, PCR - http://www.bio-rad.com/B2B/BioRad/product/br_category.jsp?
Division of BioRad Laboratories that manufactures and sells instruments for PCR, in Hercules, California, USA.

Degenerate PCR - http://www.dartmouth.edu/~ambros/protocols/other/koelle/degenerate_PCR.html
The identification of novel members of gene families by PCR using degenerate primers is described and protocols given. Article by Michael Koelle 1996 on the web site of Dartmouth College.

Detection of Point Mutations by RFLP of PCR Amplified DNA Sequences - http://www.uni-graz.at/~binder/thesis/node64.html
Thesis abstract about restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) by Alexander Binder 1997.

Detection of Single Nucleotide Mutations in Wheat Using Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism Gels - http://pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/ispmb/ispmb19/R01-013.pdf
P Martins-Lopez, H Zhang, R Koebner, Plant Mol. Biol. Reporter 19(2001): 159-162. From National Research Coouncil Canada.

DNALC: PCR Animation - http://www.dnalc.org/ddnalc/resources/shockwave/pcranwhole.html
An animation explaining how the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) works, from the Dolan DNA learning center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, USA.

Dolan DNA Learning Centers Gene Almanac - http://www.dnalc.org/home.html
Educational site on topics in genetics and gene expression from Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, USA.

Effect of PCR Buffer on Multiplex PCR - http://www.qiagen.com/literature/brochures/pcr/pdf/pcrcha03.pdf
Multiplex PCR employs different primer pairs in the same amplification reaction. This requires extensive optimization of annealing conditions. From Quiagen (company).

Fidelity of DNA Polymerases for PCR - http://www.lecb.ncifcrf.gov/~pnh/papers/TIBS/aug95.html
Article by PN Hengen from TIBS 1995

FISH Guide and Troubleshooting - http://info.med.yale.edu/genetics/ward/tavi/FISHguide.html
Links to pages describing influential parameters, with guides on PCR, RT-PCR and multiplex PCR reactions, Taq, FISH, CM-FISH, TM-FISH, microarrays, CCK, slide prep and labeling, maintained by Octavian Henegariu from Yale University, New Haven, CT.

Fluorescence in Situ Hybridisation - http://info.med.yale.edu/genetics/ward/tavi/FISH.html
Technical notes on Fluorescence in situ hybridisation from the Institute of Genetics of Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.

GeneOhm Sciences - http://www.geneohm.com
Tests on group B Streptococcus and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus by PCR / DNA sequencing.

GenHunter - http://www.genhunter.com
Manufacturer of material for differential display PCR in Nashville, Tenn USA.

HiFi DNA - http://www.hifidna.com/
HiFi DNA is a company selling a DNA polymerase for PCR at low temperature giving accurate replication of certain sequences where Taq fails.

Ingenetix GmbH - http://www.ingenetix.com/
Develops technology and products for DNA and mRNA research. Also provide DNA testing for the determination of parentage/paternity and custom DNA sequencing, oligonucleotide synthesis, genotyping services, pharmacogenetics and quantitative PCR, in Vienna, Austria.

Inverse PCR and Cycle Sequencing of P Element Insertions for STS Generation - http://www.fruitfly.org/about/methods/inverse.pcr.html
Step by step protocol, by EJ Rehm, Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project, USA.

Inverse PCR for PAC-end Sequencing - http://www.genetics.wustl.edu/fish_lab/frank/cgi-bin/fish/prot2.html
To generate PCR fragments that contain the ends of PAC inserts that can be sequenced. Protocol by B Barbazuk, Washington University Zebrafish Genome Resources Project, USA.

Inverse PCR for Use with Snyder mTn-lacZ/LEU2-based Mutagenesis - http://labs.fhcrc.org/gottschling/General%20Protocols/ipcr.html
Protocol by M McMurray, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Wa. USA.

Inverse PCR Protocol - http://www.mcdb.lsa.umich.edu/labs/maddock/protocols/PCR/inverse_pcr_protocol.html
Step by step protocol, from the web site of the Department of Biology, University of Michigan, USA.

Kary B. Mullis - Autobiography - http://nobelprize.org/chemistry/laureates/1993/mullis-autobio.html
The originator of PCR, from the Nobel e-museum web site.

Kary Mullis - http://www.invent.org/hall_of_fame/109.html
Inventor Profile of Kary Mullis, the originator of PCR, from the National Inventors Hall of Fame web site.

Long PCR Protocol - http://twod.med.harvard.edu/labgc/estep/longPCR_protocol.html
Protocol and guidelines for choice of conditions for PCR of long sequences (10 kb or larger). From Genetics Dept., Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

Nematode ITS1 Size Variation - http://nematode.unl.edu/its_id/EXAMPLES/index.htm
Examples of Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP)electrophoresis slabs for different nematodes, from University of Nebrasca.

Optimizing Multiplex and LA-PCR with Betaine - http://www-lecb.ncifcrf.gov/~pnh/papers/TIBS/jun97.html
LA-PCR = "long and accurate PCR". Article by PN Hengen in TIBS June 1997.

Optimizing PCR Protocols - http://www.jax.org/imr/optimize_pcr.html
Brief guidelines. From the Jackson Laboratory, University of Maine, USA.

PCR Amplification of cDNA Segments by 2 Stage Nested PCR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SNP/snp_viewTable.cgi?type=method&method_id=555
Protocol from the method database of NIH, USA.

PCR and Multiplex PCR Guide - http://www.info.med.yale.edu/genetics/ward/tavi/Guide.html
Discussions of the parameters influencing the PCR reaction and some PCR and multiplex PCR applications, by Octavian Henegariu on the web site of the Yale - New Haven Medical center.

PCR Animated - http://users.ugent.be/~avierstr/principles/pcrani.html
Animation illustrating the principle of PCR, from the University of Ghent, Belgium.

PCR Gateway - http://www.horizonpress.com/pcr/
A directory of PCR techniques, PCR protocols, PCR troubleshooting, PCR websites and online resources from the publisher Horizon Press.


PCR Guru - http://www.pcrguru.com/
A downloadable textbook on PCR setup and optimization, not free.

PCR Method Protocols - http://hg.wustl.edu/hdk_lab_manual/pcr/pcrcontents.html
Protocols for PCR posted by the Helen Donis-Keller Laboratory.

PCR Primer Design and Reaction Optimisation - http://web.uct.ac.za/microbiology/pcroptim.htm
Article by Ed Rybicki, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town in: Molecular Biology Techniques Manual, on the web site of the University of Cape Town.

PCR Project - http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/biotech/pcr/
Presentations from the University of California at Berkley on PCR, both current research reports and reviews.

PCR Protocol - http://www.mcdb.lsa.umich.edu/labs/maddock/protocols/PCR/general_pcr_protocol.html
Detailed PCR protocol from the web site of the Department of Biology, University of Michigan, USA.

PCR Protocols - http://www.cas.psu.edu/docs/CASDEPT/VET/jackvh/jvhpcr.html
Protocols and technical hints, particularly for reverse transcription PCR, somewhat outdated, compiled by Dr Jack Vanden Heuvel, Department of Veterinary Science and Molecular Toxicology Program, Penn State University

PCR Technology - http://www.accessexcellence.org/LC/SS/PS/PCR/PCR_technology.html
An introduction by Connie Veilleux from the US National Health Museum website.

PCR Troubleshooting - http://info.med.yale.edu/genetics/ward/tavi/Trblesht.html
Limited to conventional straight forward PCR. Page designed and maintained by Octavian Henegariu on the web site of the Yale - New Haven Medical Center.

PCR World - http://pcrworld.blogspot.com
Collection of unreferenced texts on various aspects of PCR.

PCR-ELISA and Related - http://www.btc-bti.com/pcrelisa.htm
P Zhang, CJ Gebhart, D Burden, GE Duhamel: A low technology alternative to real time PCR, technical article on the site of BT&C, Inc Bridgewater, NJ, USA.

Polymerase Chain Reaction - http://www.accessexcellence.com/RC/CT/polymerase_chain_reaction.html
Popular survey article by Mark V. Bloom, DNA Learning Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, from the web site of the US National Health Museum.

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) - http://www.accessexcellence.org/AB/GG/polymerase.html
A graphic description of the principle of PCR from the US National Health Museum web site.

PrimerDigital - http://primerdigital.com/index.php
International biotechnology company specialized in a design service for PCR primers and probes, PCR-based technology development, projects for development of polymorphism and software development.

Primerfox - http://www.primerfox.com
Free online tool for generation of PCR primers.

Principle of PCR - http://users.ugent.be/~avierstr/principles/pcr.html
Applications in work on aging of Caenorhabditis elegans and phylogeny of nematodes, by Andy Vierstraete, Department of Biology, University of Ghent, Belgium.

Protocols Online: PCR Protocols - http://www.protocol-online.org/prot/Molecular_Biology/PCR/
Extensive collection of PCR protocols and methods from Protocol On Line.

Quantitative PCR Protocol - http://www.jax.org/cyto/quanpcr.html
From the Jackson Laboratory, University of Maine, USA.

RAPD PCR - http://avery.rutgers.edu/WSSP/StudentScholars/project/archives/onions/rapd.html
RAPD stands for Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA, where the target sequence(s) (to be amplified) is unknown.Brief description, from Rutgers University, USA.

Rational Primer Design Greatly Improves Differential Display-PCR (DD-PCR) - http://nar.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/25/11/2239
Article: D Graf, AG Fisher, M Merkenschlager: Nucl. Acids Res. 25:11 2239-2240.

Reference in PCR - http://www.gene-quantification.org
Technical aspects of quantitative real-time PCR and RT-PCR. Instruments, kits, dyes, chemistries, and services presented by their manufacturers.

Rep-PCR Genomic Fingerprinting - http://www.msu.edu/user/debruijn/
Bacteria are characterized by Rep-PCR fingerprinting using primers corresponding to naturally occurring repetitive sequences in the interspersed regions.

RFLP Definition - http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~frf/rflp.html
RFLP = Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, from FDA

Roe Laboratory Protocols - http://www.genome.ou.edu/proto.html
Molecular biological protocols, mostly PCR related used by Bruce A. Roe at the Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, OU, Norman, OK.

Single Tube Confirmation PCR Protocol - http://www-sequence.stanford.edu/group/yeast_deletion_project/single_tube_protocol.html
For characterization colonies of transformed clones of Saccharaomyces, from the web site of the Stanford Genome Technology Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA.

Standard PCR Protocols - http://web.uct.ac.za/microbiology/pcrcond.htm
From Molecular Biology Techniques Manual, from the web site of the University of Cape Town, South Africa.

T-DNA Generated Enhancer Traps in Arabidopsis - http://www.dartmouth.edu/~tjack/
Application of inverse PCR, partial genomic libraries and TAIL-PCR in cloning flanking, at the Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH.

Tavi's PCR Protocols - http://info.med.yale.edu/genetics/ward/tavi/PCR.html
A page describing the main parameters and trouble-shooting in PCR. The page is somewhat dated (updated 1997) but still useful.

The PCR Encyclopedia - http://www.pcr-encyclopedia.com/
Describes plans for a free encyclopedia dedicated to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

The Web Guide of PCR - http://www.pcrlinks.com/
List of links and forum on the subject and related methodology. Set up and maintained by SJ Krivokapich, National University of Misiones, Argentina.

Thermostable DNA Polymerases - http://arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu/hbooks/genetics/biotech/enzymes/hotpolys.html
Discussion of their origin and briefly their properties. From the web site of Colorado State University.

Wayward PCR Primers - http://www-lecb.ncifcrf.gov/~pnh/papers/TIBS/jan95.html
Article by PN Hengen from TIBS 1995 on the loss of activity of PCR primers with time.

What the Heck is PCR? - http://people.ku.edu/~jbrown/pcr.html
Popular description of the PCR technique by John C Brown, University of Kansas 1995.

Which DNA Marker for Which Purpose? - http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/ebook/y/1999/whichmarker
Compendia of the Research Project "Development, optimisation and validation of molecular tools for assessment of biodiversity in forest trees", European Union DGXII Biotechnology FW IV Research Programme. From the web site of the University Library, Göttingen.